Understanding Glucagon Administration: A Guide to Intramuscular (IM) and Subcutaneous (SQ) Injections

Glucagon is a critical hormone involved in glucose regulation, specifically by raising blood sugar levels when they fall too low (hypoglycemia). Its administration is particularly important for individuals with diabetes who may experience severe hypoglycemia, sometimes resulting in confusion, loss of consciousness, or seizures. Understanding how and when to administer glucagon can be life-saving in emergency situations.

The most common forms of glucagon administration are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) injections, and more recently, intranasal options. Glucagon kits are prescribed to patients at risk of severe hypoglycemia, allowing either the patient or a bystander to rapidly deliver the hormone. In an emergency, it’s crucial to follow these general steps:

1. Recognize symptoms of severe hypoglycemia, such as unconsciousness, inability to eat or drink, or seizures.
2. Call for emergency medical help if necessary.
3. If using an injection kit, mix the glucagon powder with the provided diluent as per instructions, then inject into the outer thigh, arm, or buttock.
4. For nasal sprays, administer into a nostril according to the package directions.
5. After administration, place the person on their side to prevent choking, and monitor until help arrives or they regain consciousness.

As a designer, I often draw inspiration from how user-centric solutions—like a well-designed glucagon kit—can empower non-medical individuals in crisis. Just as intuitive space planning tools make complex interior layouts accessible to homeowners, effective health tools break down complicated medical procedures into simple, actionable steps for everyone. Whether staging a home or supporting a medical emergency, accessibility and clarity are key elements in both design and lifesaving interventions.

Tips 1:

Always educate family, friends, or coworkers on how to use your glucagon kit, and check its expiration date regularly. If you’re on insulin or certain diabetes medications, consider integrating glucagon kit education into your safety planning—much like incorporating emergency exits or safety lights in thoughtful home layouts.

FAQ

Q: What is glucagon used for?

A: Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar), particularly in people with diabetes who become unconscious or are unable to swallow safely.

Q: Who should administer glucagon?

A: Glucagon should be administered by a family member, friend, or bystander who is trained on its use, as the person requiring glucagon may be unable to administer it themselves.

Q: Are there different forms of glucagon kits?

A: Yes, glucagon is available as injectable kits (IM or SC) and as intranasal sprays, with instructions provided by your healthcare professional.

Q: What should I do after giving glucagon to someone?

A: After giving glucagon, turn the person on their side to prevent choking, monitor their condition, and seek emergency medical help if they don’t wake up within 15 minutes.

Q: Can glucagon be used for all types of hypoglycemia?

A: Glucagon is intended for severe episodes where the person cannot consume sugar orally. Mild hypoglycemia is usually treated with oral glucose (juice, candy, etc.).